The Market Profile indicator is a powerful tool for gaining insights into market movements that traditional charts may not reveal. Its distinctive framework adds a new dimension to price action, allowing traders to analyze data from a unique perspective.
While mastering the Market Profile requires time and practice, this article will outline the essential elements needed to get started.
Occasionally, I will refer to the “FX Market Profile” or simply “Market Profile.” The fundamental concepts remain consistent, regardless of whether you are applying them to Forex or other markets.
What Is Market Profile?
Traditional price or candlestick charts display price ranges at consistent intervals, such as every four hours on a 4-hour candlestick chart. In contrast, a Market Profile chart illustrates how long the market spent at various price levels and the volume traded at those levels.
It’s important to note that Market Profile is not a trading strategy, system, or indicator; it’s a tool for organizing trading information.
Developed by J. Peter Steidlmayer, a trader at the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), in the 1980s, Market Profile gained traction through proponents like Jim Dalton. Today, it remains a trademark of the CBOT.
How Does Market Profile Work?
A Market Profile chart consists of two primary components: Time Price Opportunity (TPO) blocks and Volume Distribution. Together, these elements form the foundation for additional components such as the Point of Control (POC) and Value Area.
Time Price Opportunity (TPO) Blocks
Throughout the trading day, letters represent different time increments. For instance, in a 30-minute TPO setting, “A” corresponds to the first 30 minutes, “B” to the next 30 minutes, and so on.
Capital letters denote regular trading hours, while lowercase letters indicate after-hours trading. For example, in a US futures chart, regular trading hours run from 9:30 AM to 4:30 PM, using letters A to N, while after-hours trading starts at 6 PM, denoted by lowercase letters beginning with “a.”
In the cryptocurrency market, which operates 24/7, TPOs are labeled “A” to “X” for the first 12 hours and lowercase “a” to “x” for the second 12 hours.
Key TPO Settings
- Time Interval: Most traders use a 30-minute interval for TPO blocks.
- TPO Size: This refers to the price area each block covers. While there are no strict guidelines, examples include 5 pips for major Forex pairs and $10 for Bitcoin, meaning each TPO letter corresponds to a 5-pip area in Forex or a $10 range for Bitcoin.
Additional Settings
For FX Market Profile, traders often set Market Profile windows for their preferred trading sessions, such as a 10-hour window for the New York session with 30-minute TPO blocks. Market Profile typically represents each day for markets with a defined open and close.
Volume Distribution
As its name implies, Volume Distribution indicates the volume transacted at various price levels during the selected period. Traders often display the TPO as shaded blocks without letters, overlaying the Volume Distribution in real-time.
A common visualization of Market Profile involves representing TPOs as blocks and overlaying the Volume Distribution as a line.
Analyzing TPOs and Volume Distribution
Point of Control (POC)
The POC is identified by the longest horizontal line of TPOs and is considered the fairest price for the day due to its high visitation during the session. If there are multiple longest TPO rows, the POC is the row closest to the Market Profile center.
In many cases, the Volume Point of Control, where the most volume was traded during the session, aligns with the POC.
Typically, the POC is not an entry point since it represents the fair value area, where price movement tends to slow down. It’s often a zone where traders get trapped and experience choppy price action, making it more suitable as an exit point.
Initial Balance (IB)
The Initial Balance represents the price range for the first two periods or letters, generally covering the first hour. This concept is especially relevant for markets with specific trading hours, like equities or Forex, and less critical for continuous markets like cryptocurrencies.
Range Extension
This term refers to the distance price travels outside the Initial Balance.
Tails
Tails occur when two or more single-row TPOs extend at the top or bottom of the Market Profile, but they do not count as Tails if they indicate the end of the session.
Single-row TPOs suggest rapid price movement, reflecting strong buying or selling pressure in those areas. Longer tails signify a more robust market reaction.
- Tail at the Bottom: Indicates aggressive buying, as prices quickly reversed after dipping into that area.
- Tail at the Top: Indicates aggressive selling, with prices quickly reversing after rising to that level.
Value Area (VA)
The Value Area is a crucial aspect of Market Profile, representing where the price spends approximately 70% of its time during the session, regarded as the fair value of the range.
- Value Area Low (VAL): The lower boundary of the Value Area.
- Value Area High (VAH): The upper boundary of the Value Area.
Value Areas as Support and Resistance
Prices often fluctuate between the Value Area Low and High, especially in a ranging market. However, if the price breaks beyond the Value Area, particularly with high volume, the Value Area High may serve as a support level for bullish breakouts, while the Value Area Low acts as resistance for bearish breakouts.
Emergence of New Value Areas
When the market is in a range, consecutive days’ Value Areas overlap in the same vicinity. A breakout is indicated if the market establishes a new Value Area outside the previous days’.
Optimal Trade Entries
The best entry points are typically found at the edges or outside the Value Areas, contrary to entering at the POC, which is often less favorable. Depending on the market outlook, I may anticipate price returning to the previous day’s POC or breaking out of the current day’s Value Area.
Prolonged price action at the edges of the previous day’s VA increases the likelihood of a breakout. When seeking a breakout, I look for TPOs or volume accumulation at the Value Area edges. It’s advisable to place stop-loss orders outside the Value Area rather than within, as prices tend to linger there.
Poor Highs and Lows
Poor highs or lows are characterized by blunt or flat extremes. These areas are significant as the market frequently revisits them to correct or refine those price points. If price approaches a poor high or low with rising volume, it may signal a potential breakout in that direction.
Low-Volume Nodes
Similar to Tails, low-volume nodes represent areas with sparse TPOs in the Market Profile, excluding the edges. These areas indicate minimal market interest and can act as support or resistance if prices return to them. If the price breaks through a low-volume node, it can move swiftly through that area, making it a good entry point for higher-timeframe trends.
Market Profile Day Types
Market Profile shapes vary according to different day types, with the two most significant being “normal days” and “trend days”:
- Normal Days: These exhibit a symmetrical or balanced Market Profile, akin to a range on a traditional candlestick chart, often starting with substantial Initial Balances.
- Trend Days: In this case, the Market Profile appears slimmer and longer vertically, indicating that prices spend less time in any given area as they venture into new territories.
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Market Profile Indicator
Pros
- The Market Profile uncovers important price levels that traditional charts may overlook, including hidden support and resistance.
- It helps traders identify trades that might contradict conventional strategies.
- Value Areas clarify levels within ranges, enhancing trade decision-making.
- While not all trading platforms support Market Profile, platforms like Sierra Chart offer exceptional functionality for it.
Cons
- Like any analytical method, becoming proficient with Market Profile requires time and experience; overnight mastery is unrealistic.
- Not all platforms natively support Market Profile, and some, such as MetaTrader, may require third-party indicators that might not accurately represent Market Profile data.
- As an analytical method, Market Profile’s effectiveness is subjective and hinges on the trader’s skill level.
Conclusion
Market Profile analysis is a unique and powerful approach for identifying significant price areas that traditional price and candlestick charts may miss. It can reveal hidden support and resistance levels, optimal entry points, and critical levels within trading ranges. Although not all platforms offer built-in Market Profile features without third-party add-ons, many platforms, like Sierra Chart, integrate this capability seamlessly. Although it requires time to learn and apply effectively, the potential rewards of using Market Profile are considerable.
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